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 High vacuum thermal deposition system |
Publications > Patents Patents Charge transport and injection Exciton formation Organic lasers Organic light emitting devices
and phosphorescence (selected list) Baldo, M. A., Lamansky, S., Burrows, P. E., Thompson,
M. E. & Forrest, S. R. Very high-efficiency green organic light-emitting
devices based on electrophosphorescence. Applied Physics Letters 75, 4-6
(1999). Baldo, M. A., Thompson, M. E. & Forrest, S. R. High
efficiency fluorescent organic light-emitting devices using a phosphorescent
sensitizer. Nature 403, 750-753 (2000). Baldo, M. A. & Forrest, S. R. Transient analysis
of organic electrophosphorescence. I. Transient analysis of triplet energy
transfer. Physical Review B 62, 10958-10966 (2000). Baldo, M. A., Adachi, C. & Forrest, S. R. Transient
analysis of organic electrophosphorescence. II. Transient analysis of
triplet-triplet annihilation. Physical Review B 62, 10967-10977 (2000). Adachi, C., Baldo, M. A., Thompson, M. E. & Forrest,
S. R. Nearly 100% internal phosphorescence efficiency in an organic light
emitting device. Journal of Applied Physics 90, 5048-5051 (2001). Adachi, C., Kwong, R. C., Djurovich, P., Adamovich,
V., Baldo, M. A., Thompson, M. E. & Forrest, S. R. Endothermic energy
transfer: A mechanism for generating very efficient high-energy phosphorescent
emission in organic materials. Applied Physics Letters 79, 2082-2084 (2001). D'Andrade, B. W., Baldo, M. A., Adachi, C., Brooks, J., Thompson, M. E. & Forrest, S. R. High-efficiency yellow double-doped organic light-emitting devices based on phosphor sensitized fluorescence. Applied Physics Letters 79, 1045-1047 (2001). Solid state solvation effect Other Topics V. Bulovic, R.S. Deshpande, and S.R Forrest, “Tuning the Color Emission of Thin Film Molecular Organic Light Emitting Devices by the Solid State Solvation Effect,” Chemical Physics Letters 308, 317 (1999). R.S. Deshpande, V. Bulovic, and S.R. Forrest, “White Organic Light Emitting Devices Based on Interlayer Sequential Energy Transfer,” Applied Physics Letters 75, 888 (1999). V. Bulovic, A. Shoustikov, M.A. Baldo, E. Bose, V.G. Kozlov, M.E. Thompson, and S.R. Forrest,“Bright, Saturated, Red-to-Yellow Organic Light Emitting Devices Based on Polarization Induced Spectral Shifts,” Chemical Physics Letters 287, 455 (1998). V. Bulovic, V.G. Kozlov, V.B. Khalfin, and S.R. Forrest, “Transform-Limited, Narrow-Linewidth Lasing Action in Organic Semiconductor Microcavities,” Science 279, 553 (1998). P.Peumans, V. Bulovic, and S.R.Forrest,“Efficient Photon Harvesting at High Optical Intensities in Ultrathin Organic Double Heterostructure Photovoltaic Diodes,” Applied Physics Letters 76, 2650 (2000). V. Bulovic, V.B. Khalfin, G. Gu, P.E. Burrows, D.Z. Garbuzov, and S.R. Forrest, “Weak Microcavity Effects in Organic Light Emitting Devices,” Physical Review B 58, 3730 (1998). V.G. Kozlov, V. Bulovic, P.E. Burrows, and S.R. Forrest, “Laser Action in Organic Semiconductor Waveguide and Double HeterostructureDevices,” Nature 389, 362 (1997). Z. Shen, P.E. Burrows, V. Bulovic, S.R. Forrest, and M.E. Thompson, “Three-Color, Tunable, Organic Light-Emitting Devices,” Science 276, 2009 (1997). V. Bulovic, G. Gu, P.E. Burrows, S.R. Forrest, and M.E. Thompson,“Transparent Light-Emitting Devices,” Nature 380, 29 (1996). Issued Patents “High Efficiency Organic Light Emitting Devices with Light Directing Structures,” V. Bulovic, S.R. Forrest, P.E. Burrows, D.Z. Garbuzov, US 5,834,893, November 10, 1998. “Method for Deposition and Patterning of Organic Thin Films,” S.R. Forrest, V. Bulovic, P.E. Burrows, US 5,953,587, September 14, 1999. “Organic Luminescent Coating for Light Detectors,” S.R. Forrest, P.E. Burrows, V. Bulovic, D.Z. Garbuzov, US 5,986,268, November 16, 1999. “Organic Light Emitting Devices Containing Hole Injection Enhancement Layer,” S.R. Forrest, P.E. Burrows, M.E. Thompson, V. Bulovic, US 5,998,803, December 7, 1999. “Method and Aparatus for Measuring Film Spectral Properties,” S.R. Forrest, P.E. Burrows, D.Z. Garbuzov, V. Bulovic, US 6,005,252, December 21, 1999. “High Reliability, High Efficiency, Integratable Organic Light Emitting Devices and Methods of Producing Same,” V. Bulovic, S.R. Forrest, P.E. Burrows, D.Z. Garbuzov, US 6,046,543, April 4, 2000. “Organic Semiconductor Laser,” V. Kozlov, S.R. Forrest, P.E. Burrows, V. Bulovic, US 6,111,902, August 29, 2000. “Organic vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser,” V. Kozlov, S.R. Forrest, P.E. Burrows, V. Bulovic, US 6,160,828, December 12, 2000. “Stacked organic photosensitive optoelectronic devices with a mixed electrical configuration,” S.R. Forrest, V. Bulovic, US 6,198,091, March 6, 2001. “Stacked organic photosensitive optoelectronic devices with an electrically parallel configuration,” V. Bulovic, S.R. Forrest, US 6,198,092, March 6, 2001. “Color-tunable organic light emitting devices,” M.E. Thompson, V. Bulovic, S.R. Forrest, A. Shoustikov, US 6,210,814, April 3, 2001. “Method for patterning light emitting devices incorporating a movable mask,” P.E. Burrows, S.R. Forrest, V. Bulovic, P. Tian, J. Brown, US 6,214,631, April 10, 2001. “Method of fabricating transparent contacts for organic devices,” S.R. Forrest, M.E. Thompson, P.E. Burrows, V. Bulovic, G. Gu, US 6,264,805, July 24, 2001. “Stacked organic photosensitive optoelectronic devices with an electrically series configuration,” S.R. Forrest, V. Bulovic, US 6,278,055, August 21, 2001. “Color-tunable organic light emitting devices,” V. Bulovic, S.R. Forrest, M.E. Thompson, US 6,287,712, September 11, 2001. ”Organic photosensitive optoelectronic devices with a top transparent electrode,” V. Bulovic, S.R. Forrest, US 6,297,495, October 2, 2001. ”Method for deposition and patterning of organic thin film,” S.R. Forrest, V. Bulovic, P.E. Burrows, US 6,297,516, October 2, 2001. “Color-tunable organic light emitting devices,” V. Bulovic, S.R. Forrest, M.E. Thompson, US 6,312,836, November 6, 2001. “Highly efficient multiple reflection photosensitive optoelectronic device with optical concentrator,” S.R. Forrest, V. Bulovic, P. Peumans, US 6,333,458, December 25, 2001. “Organic photosensitive optoelectronic devices with transparent electrodes,” V. Bulovic, S.R. Forrest, US 6,352,777, March 5, 2002. “Organic semiconductor laser,” V. Kozlov, P.E. Burrows, S.R. Forrest, V. Bulovic, US 6,352,777, March 5, 2002. “Method for patterning devices,” P.E. Burrows, S.R. Forrest, V. Bulovic, P. Tian, J. Brown, US 6,403,392, June 11, 2002. “Method for patterning devices,” T. Zhou, V. Bulovic, M.S. Weaver , US 6,407,408, June 18, 2002. “Photovoltaic device with optical concentrator and method of making the same,” P. Peumans, S.R. Forrest, V. Bulovic, US 6,440,769, August 27, 2002. “Organic photosensitive optoelectronic device with an exciton blocking layer,” S.R. Forrest, V. Bulovic, P. Peumans, US 6,451,415, September 17, 2002. Chronological Order - Publications
of Vladimir Bulovic B. Quiniou, V. Bulovic´, Z. Wu, X. Wang, and R.M. Osgood, Jr., “Nonlinear Photoemission of Image States: A New ‘High-Resolution’ Surface Spectroscopy,” SPIE 2125, 78 (1993). V. Bulovic´, B. Quiniou, and R.M. Osgood, Jr., “Image-Potential-Induced Resonance on Al(111) Observed by Two-Photon Photoemission Spectroscopy,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 12, 2201 (1994). P.E. Burrows, V. Bulovic´, S.R. Forrest, L.S. Sapochak, D.M. McCarty, and M.E. Thompson, “Reliability and Degradation of Organic Light Emitting Devices,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 2922 (1994). V. Bulovic´ and S.R. Forrest, “Excitons in Crystalline Thin Films of 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride Studied by Photocurrent Response,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 238, 88 (1995). P.E. Burrows, Z. Shen, V. Bulovic´, D.M. McCarty, S.R. Forrest, J.A. Cronin, and M.E. Thompson, “Relationship Between Electroluminescence and Current Transport in Organic Heterojunction Light-Emitting Devices,” J. Appl. Phys. 79, 7991 (1996). Z. Shen, P.E. Burrows, V. Bulovic´, D.M. McCarty, M.E. Thompson, and S.R. Forrest, “Temperature Dependence of Current Transport and Electroluminescence in Vacuum Deposited Organic Light Emitting Devices,”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 35, L401 (1996). V. Bulovic´, G. Gu, P.E. Burrows, S.R. Forrest, and M.E. Thompson, “Transparent Light-Emitting Devices,” Nature 380, 29 (1996). G. Gu, V. Bulovic´, P.E. Burrows, S.R. Forrest, and M.E. Thompson, “Transparent Organic Light Emitting Devices,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 2606 (1996). D.Z. Garbuzov, V. Bulovic´, P.E. Burrows, and S.R. Forrest, “Photoluminescence Efficiency and Absorption of Aluminum-tris-quinolate (Alq3) Thin Films,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 249, 433 (1996). D.Z. Garbuzov, S.R. Forrest, A.G. Tsekoun, P.E. Burrows, V. Bulovic´, and M.E. Thompson, “Organic Films Deposited on Si p-n Junctions: Accurate Measurements of Fluorescence Internal Efficiency, and Application to Luminescent Antireflection Coatings,” J. Appl. Phys. 80, 4644 (1996). Y. Hirose, A. Kahn, V. Aristov, P. Soukiassian, V. Bulovic´,
and S.R. Forrest, “Chemistry and Electronic Properties of Metal-Organic
Semiconductor Interfaces: Al, Ti, In, Sn, Ag, and Au on PTCDA,” Phys.
Rev. B 54, 13748 (1996). V. Bulovic´ and S.R. Forrest, “Study of Localized and Extended Excitons in 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride (PTCDA) II. Photocurrent Response at Low Electric Fields,” Chem. Phys. 210, 13 (1996). V.G. Kozlov, V. Bulovic´, P.E. Burrows, and S.R. Forrest, “Laser Action in Organic Semiconductor Waveguide and Double Heterostructure Devices,” Nature 389, 362 (1997). V.G. Kozlov, V. Bulovic´, and S.R. Forrest, “Temperature Independent Performance of Organic Semiconductor Lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 2575 (1997). S.R. Forrest, P.E. Burrows, Z. Shen, G. Gu, V. Bulovic´, and M.E. Thompson, “The Stacked OLED (SOLED): a New Type of Organic Device for Achieving High-Resolution Full-Color Displays,” Synthetic Metals 91, 9 (1997). P. Fenter, F. Schreiber, V. Bulovic´, and S.R. Forrest, “Thermally Induced Failure Mechanisms of Organic Light Emitting Device Structures Probed by X-Ray Specular Reflectivity,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 277, 521 (1997). Z. Shen, P.E. Burrows, V. Bulovic´, S.R. Forrest, and M.E. Thompson, “Three-Color, Tunable, Organic Light-Emitting Devices,” Science 276, 2009 (1997). V. Bulovic´, P. Tian, P.E. Burrows, M.R. Gokhale, S.R. Forrest, and M.E. Thompson, “A Surface-Emitting Vacuum-Deposited Organic Light Emitting Device,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 2954 (1997). P.E. Burrows, G. Gu, V. Bulovic´, Z. Shen, S.R. Forrest, and M.E. Thompson, “Achieving Full-Color Organic Light-Emitting Devices for Lightweight, Flat-Panel Displays,” IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices 44, 1188 (1997). V. Bulovic´, V.G. Kozlov, V.B. Khalfin, and S.R. Forrest, “Transform-Limited, Narrow-Linewidth Lasing Action in Organic Semiconductor Microcavities,” Science 279, 553 (1998). V.G. Kozlov, V. Bulovic´, P.E. Burrows, M. Baldo, V.B. Khalfin, G. Parthasarathy, S.R. Forrest, Y. You, and M.E. Thompson, “Study of Lasing Action Based on Förster Energy Transfer in Optically Pumped Organic Semiconductor Thin Films,” J. Appl. Phys. 84, 4096 (1998). V. Bulovic´, V.B. Khalfin, G. Gu, P.E. Burrows, D.Z. Garbuzov, and S.R. Forrest, “Weak Microcavity Effects in Organic Light Emitting Devices,” Phys. Rev. B 58, 3730 (1998). V. Bulovic´, A. Shoustikov, M.A. Baldo, E. Bose, V.G. Kozlov, M.E. Thompson, and S.R. Forrest, “Bright, Saturated, Red-to-Yellow Organic Light Emitting Devices Based on Polarization Induced Spectral Shifts,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 287, 455 (1998). S.R. Forrest, P.E. Burrows, V. Bulovic´, V. Kozlov, Z. Shen, and M.E. Thompson, “Thin Film Organic Light Emitting Devices and Lasers,” Materials Letters 34, 103 (1998). V. Bulovic, R. Deshpande, and S.R. Forrest, “Tuning the Color Emission of Thin Film Molecular Organic Light Emitting Devices by the Solid State Solvation Effect,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 308, 317 (1999). R.S. Deshpande, V. Bulovic, and S.R. Forrest, “White Organic Light Emitting Devices Based on Interlayer Sequential Energy Transfer,” Applied Physics Letters 75, 888 (1999). P.F. Tian, V. Bulovic´, P.E. Burrows, and S.R. Forrest, “Precise Scalable Patterning of Vacuum-Deposited Organic Light Emitting Devices,” J. Vacuum Science and Technology A 17, 2975 (1999). P. Peumans, V. Bulovic, and S.R. Forrest, “Efficient Photon Harvesting at High Optical Intensities in Ultrathin Organic Double Heterostructure Photovoltaic Diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2650 (2000). P. Peumans, V. Bulovic, and S.R. Forrest, “Efficient, High-Bandwidth Organic Multilayer Photodetector,” Applied Physics Letters 76, 3855 (2000). V. Bulovic, P.E. Burrows, and S.R. Forrest, “Molecular Organic Light-Emitting Devices,” Semiconductors and Semimetals 64, 255 (2000). V. Bulovic and S.R. Forrest, “Polymeric and Molecular Organic Light Emitting Devices: A Comparison,” Semiconductors and Semimetals 65, 1 (2000). D. Kolosov, D.S. English, V. Bulovic, P.F. Barbara, S.R. Forrest, M.E. Thompson, “Direct observation of structural changes in organic light emitting devices during degradation,” J. Appl. Phys., 90, 3242 (2001). Proceedings of Refereed Conferences P.F. Tian, P.E. Burrows, V. Bulovic´, and S.R. Forrest, “Photolithographic Patterning of Vacuum-Deposited Organic Light Emitting Devices,” Proceedings of Materials Research Society 1997 Fall Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts. V. Bulovic´, P.E. Burrows, D.Z. Garbuzov, M.E. Thompson, A.G. Tsekoun, and S.R. Forrest, “Photovoltaic Cells Based on Vacuum Deposited Molecular Organic Thin Films,” Proceedings of the First Conference on Future Generation Photovoltaic Technologies, Denver, Colorado (1997). P.E. Burrows, V. Bulovic´, V.G. Kozlov, Z. Shen, S.R. Forrest, M.E. Thompson, “Color-Tunable Pixels and Lasers Using Vacuum-Deposited Organic Thin Films,” Proceedings of the SPIE Annual Meeting 1997, San Diego. Other Major Publications V. Bulovic´, M.A. Baldo, and S.R. Forrest, “Excitons and Energy Transfer in Doped Luminescent Molecular Organic Materials,” in Organic Electronic Materials, R. Farchioni and G. Grosso, Eds., Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York (2001). Invited Lectures November 1993, “Image-Potential-Induced Resonance on Al(111) Observed by Two-Photon Photoemission Spectroscopy,” American Vacuum Society 40th Symposium, Orlando FL. June 1995, “Role of Interfaces in the Photocurrent Response of Crystalline Thin Films of 3,4,9,10-Perylinetetracarboxylic Dianhydride,” Fifth International Conference on the Formation of Semiconductor Interfaces, Princeton NJ. December 1996, “Localized and Extended Excitons in Thin Films and Solutions of an Archetype Organic Molecular Crystal,” Materials Research Society 1996 Fall Meeting, Boston MA. November 1997, “Surface-Emitting Vacuum-Deposited Organic Light Emitting Devices,” IEEE Lasers and Elecro-Optics Society 1997 Annual Meeting (LEOS ’97), San Francisco CA. March 1998, “Organic Light-Emitting Display Devices,” Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy (PittCon ’98), New Orleans LA. April 1998, “Color-Tunable Organic Light Emitting Devices,”Materials Research Society 1998 Spring Meeting, San Francisco CA. April 1998, “Weak Microcavity Effects in Organic Light Emitting Devices,” Materials Research Society 1998 Spring Meeting, San Francisco CA. December 1998, “Stacked Organic Light Emitting Devices,” IEEE Lasers and Elecro-Optics Society 1998 Annual Meeting (LEOS ’98), Orlando FL. January 1999, “Luminescence and Lasing in Doped Organic Semiconductors,” Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey. April 2000, “The First Nanoseconds of Fluorescence in Organic Thin Films and Devices,” Materials Research Society 2000 Spring Meeting, San Francisco CA March 2001, “Luminescence in Organic Thin Film Structures,” Naval Research Laboratory September 2001, “Temporal Evolution of Luminescence in Organic Thin Films,” Society for Information Display, OLED Meeting, New Jersey; also presented in Japan during September 2001 in NTT Tokyo, Hitachi, University of Yonezawa, Chitose University, Hokaido, Japan. March 2002, “Luminescent Processes in Doped Organic Thin Films,” Kodak Research Center, Rochester, New York. May 2002, “Organic Optoelectronics for the 21st Century Technoilogies,” Intel Research Center, Oregon. August 2002, “Excitons in Amorphous Thin Films – Energy Structure and Dynamics,” Americal Chemical Society Meeting, Boston MA.
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