Major Research Themes:
Integrated Biosystems and Biosensing

Develop advanced instrumentation for enhancing both basic research in cellular and molecular biology and the biological production of therapeutics and small molecules.
Facilities
Complete in-house microfluidic device fabrication capability. Mode-locked lasers and spectrometers ranging from UV to IR with equipment for quantitative Raman analysis.
Team
Publications
- Singh, G.P., S. Goh, M. Canzoneri and R. J. Ram. “Raman Spectroscopy of Complex Defined Media: Biopharmaceutical Applications.”, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 31Mar2015, DOI: 10.1002/jrs.4686. [PDF]
- Han, N., O. Purcell, K. S. Lee, T. K. Lu, and R. J. Ram . “Microfluidics for Control in Synthetic Biology.” MicroTAS, San Antonio, TX, October 2014. [PDF]
- Bower, D. M., K. S. Lee, R. J. Ram, and K. L. J. Prather. “Fed-Batch Microbioreactor Platform for Scale Down and Analysis of a Plasmid DNA Production Process.” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 109.8 (2012): 1976-86. [PDF]
- Lee, K. S., and R. J. Ram. “Microfluidic Chemostat and Turbidostat with Flow Rate, Oxygen, and Temperature Control for Dynamic Continuous Culture.” Lab on a Chip 11 (2011): 1730. [PDF]
- Lee, K. S., P. Boccazzi, A. J. Sinskey, and R. J. Ram. “Microscale Controlled Continuous Cell Culture.” MicroTAS, Groningen, Netherlands, October 2010. [PDF]
- Fernandez, M., K. S. Lee, R. J. Ram, J. H. Correia, and P. M. Mendez. “Flexible PDMS-Based Dry Electrodes for Electro-Optic Acquisition of ECG Signals in Wearable Devices.” 32nd Ann. Int. Conf. of the IEEE EMBS, Buenos Aires, Argentina, August 31 – September 4, 2010. [PDF]
- Lee, K. S., and R. J. Ram. “Plastic-PDMS Hybrid Devices for High Pressure Hydrolytically Stable Active Microfluidics.” MicroTAS, San Diego, CA, October 2008. [PDF]
- Lee, K. S., and R. J. Ram. “Optical Multiplexing of Multiple Fluorescence Sensors for Compact Lab-on-a-Chip Systems.” MicroTAS, Paris, October 2007. [PDF]
- Lee, K. S., and R. J. Ram. “Plastic–PDMS Bonding for High Pressure Hydrolytically Stable Active Microfluidics.” Lab on a Chip 9 (2009): 1618-24. [PDF]
- Lee, K. S., H. L. T. Lee, and R. J. Ram. “Polymer Waveguide Backplanes for Optical Sensor Interfaces in Microfluidics.” Lab on a Chip 7 (2007): 1539-45. [PDF]
- Lee, K. S., H. L. T. Lee, and R. J. Ram. “Optical Multiplexing of Multiple Fluorescence Sensors For Compact Lab-on-a-Chip Systems.” MicroTAS 2007. [PDF]
- Lee, H. L. T., and R. J. Ram. “Integrated Fluid Injectors and Mixers for pH Control in Miniature Bioreactor Arrays.” MicroTAS, Boston, MA, 2005. [PDF]
- Lee, H. L. T., P. Boccazzi, N. Gorret, R. J. Ram, and A. J. Sinskey. “In situ Bioprocess Monitoring for Escherechia Coli Using Raman Spectroscopy.” Vibrational Spectroscopy 35 (2004): 131-7. [PDF]
- Lee, H. L. T., P. Boccazzi, R. J. Ram, and A. J. Sinskey. “Microbioreactor Arrays with Integrated Mixers and Fluid Injectors for High-Throughput Experimentation with pH and Dissolved Oxygen Control.” Lab On a Chip 6 (2006): 1229-35. [PDF]
Publications
- W. F. Herrington Jr., G. P. Singh, D. Wu, P. W. Barone, W. Hancock & R. J. Ram, "Optical Detection of Degraded Therapeutic Proteins," Scientific Reports, 8:5098 (2018) DOI: DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-23409-z [PDF]
- P. Perez-Pinera, N. Han, S. Cleto, J. Cao, O. Purcell, K. A. Shah, K. Lee, R. J. Ram, T. K. Lu, "Synthetic biology and microbioreactor platforms for programmable production of biologics at the point-of-care," Nature Communications (2016) DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12211 [PDF]
- NJ Mozdzierz, KR Love, KS Lee, HLT Lee, KA Shah, R. J. Ram, J.C. Love, "A perfusion-capable microfluidic bioreactor for assessing microbial heterologous protein production," Lab on a Chip (2015): 15, 2918-2922, DOI: 10.1039/C5LC00443H [PDF]
- G. Singh, S. Goh, M. Canzoneri, R. J. Ram, "Raman Spectroscopy of Complex Defined Media: Biopharmaceutical Applications," Journal of Raman Spectroscopy (2015) DOI: 10.1002/jrs.4686 [PDF]
- N. Han, O. Purcell, K. S. Lee, T. K. Lu, R. J. Ram, "Microfluidics for Control in Synthetic Biology," MicroTAS, San Antonio, TX (2014) [PDF]